#31 These types of workers were most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic

Photo: World Bank Authors: Michael Weber and David Newhouse There is now clear evidence that the devastating economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic were distributed unequally among workers in many developed countries.   We recently explored how the crisis has affected different types of workers and find substantial differences. Drawing on phone survey data from about 40 developing…

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#29 Reimagining youth skills development for an inclusive recovery

Photo: World Bank Authors: Victoria Levin and Michael Weber Youth aged 15-24 make up 1.2 billion people in the world and it is projected to increase to 1.3 billion by 2030, with some countries and regions experiencing rapid growth, or so-called “youth bulges.” More than one million young people enter the labor market each month in India and in sub-Saharan Africa.…

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#25 COVID-19 highlights the urgency of TVET reforms

Photo credit: Dana Smillie / World Bank Authors: Margo Hoftijzer, Victoria Levin, and Michael Weber This blog is also available in French and Spanish.   In our May 2020 blog, we predicted that TVET would particularly suffer from school closures as imparting and assessing practical skills is so central for TVET and so hard to do remotely.…

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#24 Developing countries introduced an unprecedented social protection and jobs policy response to mitigate the effects of the pandemic

Photo credit: Paul Salazar / World Bank   Authors: Michael Weber and David Newhouse  Unlike the global financial crisis, both voluntary and mandated restrictions on mobility have directly affected labor markets. The scale of labor market disruption in developing countries has been massive. In its latest update, the ILO estimated a loss of 255 million…

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food seller

#12 Is Self-Employment in Developing Countries a Steppingstone to Better Jobs? New Evidence from Panel Surveys

Photo credit: Scott Wallace / World Bank   Authors: Kevin Donovan, Will Jianyu Lu, and Todd Schoellman Economic development requires the reallocation of workers to more productive occupations, sectors, and regions. As such, evidence on labor market dynamics is critical for understanding whether labor markets are enabling the necessary movements of workers. In our recent…

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The Future of Work in Agri-Food Systems

As countries develop, agriculture’s role as domestic employer declines. But the broader agri-food system also expands, and the scope for agriculture-related job creation shifts beyond the farm. Historically, technological revolutions have shaped, and have been shaped by, these dynamics. Today, a digital revolution is taking hold. In this process of structural transformation, societies evolve from…

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#19 In Turkey, One in Four Could Lose Their Jobs Due to COVID-19

Photo: Simone D. McCourtie / World Bank   Authors: Sırma Demir Şeker, Efşan Nas Özen, and Ayşenur Acar Erdoğan COVID-19 has brought existing economic vulnerabilities into view globally. Turkey is no exception as the Turkish labor market already has significant challenges: exchange rate depreciation and inflation, low female labor force participation, high youth unemployment, and…

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#18 What We Have Learned About the Labor Market Impacts of COVID-19 in four African countries

  Authors: Michael Weber, Amparo Palacios-Lopez and Ivette Contreras-González The first wave of empirical results from rapid phone surveys in Sub Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria and Uganda) confirm the devastating labor market impacts of the pandemic. But they also show that the jobs impacts are heterogeneous, with particularly severe impacts on the urban informal…

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Broadband Access Spurs Jobs in Hard-to-Reach Areas

Internet cafe in the neighborhood of Nyamirambo in Kigali, Rwanda. (Sarah Farhat/ World Bank) By Aparna Krishnamurthy, Namita Datta, Georges V. Houngbonon, Todd Cotts Broadband (or high-speed) internet access plays a major role in economic growth and job creation. COVID-19 has accelerated the transition to home-based work, reinforcing the need for broadband connectivity. A recent World…

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Here’s what could help lift rural Hondurans out of poverty

By Veronica Michel & Ian Walker In Honduras, as in other Latin American countries, increased labor incomes have been central to reducing poverty. However, many are still under-employed, so households have the potential to earn more. This calls for increased attention on ways to increase labor intensity, instead of focusing only on increasing the productivity…

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#15 COVID-19 can teach us a lot about social protection and jobs: Reflections based on the Greek experience

Photo by Courtney Hall on Unsplash Authors: Mauro Testaverde  and Gordon Betcherman The COVID-19 pandemic has affected labor markets everywhere. In some countries, like the US and Canada, unemployment skyrocketed to levels not seen in living memory. In others, including several in Europe, things have looked very different, with few layoffs and workers often remaining attached to their…

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Youth-led solutions during COVID-19: Harnessing social media

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many young people around the globe have been working remotely, schools have moved to online platforms, and social distancing continues to be in effect. This means it’s essential that organizations maximize the use of social media as a platform to adapt to the crisis. Social media has been used by young people to raise awareness about coronavirus containment and suppression measures, to coordinate the logistics of relief efforts for people in isolation, and to raise funds for emergency workers.

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Youth-led solutions during COVID-19: Health care

Authors: KAVELL JOSEPH Original post The World Bank Group has been helping countries reinforce their health infrastructure and bolster economic recovery during the pandemic. The Bank’s health response addresses emergency containment and mitigation needs for the coronavirus (COVID-19), including strengthening countries’ health systems to treat severe cases and save lives. Many members of the Bank-supported…

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Youth-led Solutions During COVID-19: Workforce Training

Authors: KAVELL JOSEPH Many low- and middle-income countries can’t provide skills training for young entrepreneurs to adapt to the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19).   But youth themselves are playing an essential role in their communities by offering technological solutions to the problem. Here are two S4YE Youth Advisory Group (YAG) members who have risen…

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#14 From Jobs Crisis to Jobs Recovery in East Asia

Photo credit: Ketut Subiyanto from Pexels Authors: Amanina Abdur Rahman, Achim Schmillen, and Alyssa Farha Jasmin   The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a jobs crisis in developing countries in East Asia. The International Labour Organization estimates that in the second quarter of 2020 working hours across East Asia will decline by around 8.4 percent…

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#13 Why economic inclusion programs matter during COVID-19

People take precautions in Mali against COVID-19 (coronavirus). Photo credit: Ousmnane Traore/World Bank Authors: Puja Vasudeva Dutta, Colin Andrews, Aude de Montesquiou, Timothy Clay, and Sarang Chaudhary This blog post is based on the forthcoming Partnership for Economic Inclusion Policy Note Series: Economic Inclusion for the Poorest & COVID-19: Adaptation and Early Priorities for Medium-…

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Youth-led Solutions During COVID-19: The food Crisis

Local farmers in Kenya. Photo: © Ujuzi Kilimo Solutions Authors:KAVELL JOSEPH Original post As the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic unfolds, disruptions in domestic food supply chains and other shocks affecting food production have created food security risks in many countries. The latest estimates by the UN’s World Food Programme show that 265 million people could be…

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#12 Who can really work from home?

Governments of developing countries should consider WFH as a crucial part of the new digital economy when they invest in broadband infrastructure. Photo credit: World Bank Authors: Maho Hatayama, Mariana Viollaz, and Hernan Winkler The coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis and implementation of social distancing policies around the world has raised the question of how many jobs…

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#11 Supporting Workers’ Transition to a New Normal Amid COVID-19

A construction worker in Barcelona, Spain returns to work in April 2020, wearing a mask to be protected from COVID-19. Photo: © Daniel Ferrer Paez/Shutterstock Authors: Indhira Santos and Michael Weber After several weeks of lockdowns and strict social distancing, some countries are starting to open for business. This process, however, is bound to be…

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#9 Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in the times of COVID-19 (Coronavirus): Challenges and Opportunities

Nurses listen during a training program to learn more about child and adolescent mental health in Monrovia, Liberia/Photo credit: World Bank Authors: Margo Hoftijzer, Victoria Levin, Indhira Santos and Michael Weber   Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programs are well-placed to play an important role in the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic. They have significant…

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#7 “Suspended until further notice”: is there a role for public works in COVID-19 (Coronavirus) response?

Eastern DRC earlier this year – with appropriate safeguards (individual protective equipment, physical distance between workers, etc.)/Photo credit: Paul Bance Authors: Paul Bance and Ugo Gentilini What is happening to public works during the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) crisis so far? In a previous blog, we argued that public works will be important in supporting informal workers…

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#4 How Can Cash Transfers Support Informal-Sector Workers in the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Crisis?

Author: Ugo Gentilini Let’s start with the facts. A third of the 418 social protection programs world-wide responding to COVID-19 (Coronavirus) are government-funded, non-contributory cash transfer programs. Why do cash transfer programs play such a prominent role? The pandemic demands rapid, concrete a response that injects resources directly. Cash transfer programs tick all the boxes. In…

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The future of work in cities

By JAVIER SANCHEZ-REAZA There is no doubt that technology is improving our daily lives. We ask Siri to set the alarm for us, let Spotify guide us through a gym session, and rely on Waze to navigate the city. What is less obvious is how technology is also on the brink of completely reshaping our…

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3 Ways to Build Lasting Apprenticeship Programs

Authors: NAMITA DATTA APARNA KRISHNAMURTHY NAZRENE MANNIE The lack of a sufficiently skilled workforce remains a significant challenge in the labor market. Around the world, employers say that schools and universities aren’t preparing students well enough for the workforce. How can employers work with schooling and post-schooling systems to design curricula that align with labor market needs?  Employers could benefit…

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3 Ways the private sector is stimulating agri-preneurship

Authors: APARNA KRISHNAMURTHY NIRAJ H. SHAH HANS JOEHR   Conventional wisdom tells us that young people are fleeing agriculture to seek opportunities in urban centers. While that is largely true, agriculture remains a primary source of employment for youth in many developing countries. Studies show that the absolute number of young African farmers is expected to rise…

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Who Is Taking The Jobs Of The Future In Jordan?

By Hernan Winkler The short answer is: women. They are increasingly employed in jobs that are difficult to replace with new technologies, according to our new report on the Jordanian labor market. These are the non-routine jobs with better prospects as countries move up the technology ladder. They include occupations that require a lot of…

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farmers

#8 Which Comes First – the Chicken, the Egg, or the Demand for Poultry Products? Engels Law and the Design of Jobs Strategies in Low-Income Countries (LICs)

Authors: Dino Merotto and Elena Casanovas, Jobs Group, World Bank. In in blog #2 and blog #3 in this series we focused on the evolution of the sectoral pattern of production and jobs as countries develop. But new research suggests that changing patterns of consumption and net trade should also be taken into account when…

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Why Aren’t More Women In Honduras Working?

By Veronica Michel & Ian Walker   New findings show that, like their counterparts in many neighboring countries, Honduran women are sorely underrepresented in the job market. Because of this, the country’s economy is losing about 22 percent of potential per capita income – even more than the 17 percent loss for Latin America and…

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walking woman

#6 Do Good Jobs Matter for Poverty Alleviation?

Author: Andreas Eberhard-Ruiz, Jobs Group, World Bank. Between 1996 and 2003, Nigeria’s per capita GDP grew by almost 3 percent per annum and the proportion of people living under US$ 1.90 per day – the World Bank’s threshold to measure extreme poverty – fell from 64 percent to 54 percent. By contrast, poverty did not…

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employment chart

#5 Waged Work: The Pathway to Better Jobs

Authors: Michael Weber and Jörg Langbein, Jobs Group, World Bank. Waged employment is the pathway to better jobs for most workers. Workers in waged jobs have more stable and higher earnings, better quality employment, and longer work relationships than many other types of employment (Merotto, Weber & Aterido, 2018). Yet, employment patterns vary greatly by…

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people sorting fruit

#4 Labor Productivity Grows Faster in Developing Countries When Labor Moves from Agriculture into Waged Jobs

Author: Dino Merotto, Jobs Group, World Bank. Blog #1 in our series showed that growth in labor productivity explains the differences in per capita income growth across countries. When we break down labor productivity growth into within and between sector components, we see that the reallocation of labor from lower productivity agriculture to higher productivity…

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World Bank Launches New Tools For Youth Employment Projects

The youth employment community needs new tools to develop new solutions. Authors: Danielle Robinson and Sunamika Singh Original post: blogs.worldbank.org/jobs Practitioners across the globe are intent on identifying effective, sustainable and scalable ways to increase youth employment based on solid evidence of what’s working—and what’s not. A 2018 stocktake conducted by the World Bank’s Jobs…

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Rice in Côte d’Ivoire is Big Business That Depends on Small Firms

Selling rice could lift farmers out of poverty, especially if small and medium enterprises can catalyze the value chain Authors: Eric Levoy and Dotianga Konate Original post: blogs.worldbank.org/jobs When it comes to agricultural value chain development, including for staple crops like rice, big, (multi)national firms are often considered the entry point to catalyze the chain.…

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Meet 3 Young Leaders Tackling Youth Unemployment

Members of the S4YE Youth Advisory Group Authors: Sonia Madhvani and Timothy Clay Original post: blogs.worldbank.org/jobs Globally, unemployment is hitting young people the hardest. The ILO estimates that youth unemployment rates are 300 percent higher than unemployment rates for adults over 25 years old, and higher than unemployment among any other age group. To add…

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My Mom Hired a Female Driver! The Economics of Employment Sex-Segregation

Having a driver may seem like a luxury reserved for the ultra-rich in the U.S., but in Bangkok, it is an affordable necessity for aging middle-class people. My parents’ recent decision to hire a driver is a typical one for that city: My mom is 75 and my dad is 80, so it allows them to maintain independence and mobility, not to mention keep up their social lives. What’s much less common is that my mom chose a female driver, Yaa.

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An Inside Look: The Jobs M&E Toolkit

Read the original post here. The Jobs Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Toolkit is a package of resources for project teams and clients to standardize the assessment of jobs outcomes in World Bank Group lending operations. By using the toolkit, project teams can collect data on jobs without running resource-intensive surveys. The toolkit contains guidance on…

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Social Protection and Jobs Core Courses 2019

Date: October 28-November 08, 2019 Location: World Bank Headquarters, Washington DC The Social Protection & Jobs Core Courses are comprised of three parallel trainings on: (1) Social Safety Nets, (2) Pensions, and (3) Jobs and Migration Policies, and will be held from October 28 – November 8, 2019, at the World Bank HQ in Washington,…

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We Need a Reskilling Revolution. Here’s How to Make it Happen

As the world of work changes, so must our approach to education and skills. Photo: Reuters Read the original post here. As the world faces the transformative economic, social and environmental challenges of Globalization 4.0, it has never been more important to invest in people. Valuing human capital not only serves to equip individuals with…

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Rising With Rice in Côte d’Ivoire 3: The Contours of a Pilot Project

Issouf Ouattara, sales manager of the Lopé lowlands in the Hambol Region, Côte d’Ivoire, shares a laugh with Sali Soro, smallholder rice farmer (Photo by Raphaela Karlen, World Bank) The second post of this blog series illustrated the potential for poverty reduction through value chain development (VCD) in Africa. This is an approach that Côte d’Ivoire hopes…

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Are Robots in Michigan Destroying Jobs in Chihuahua?

A month ago, Brookings Metro published a report warning that just as the gains from economic growth were distributed unevenly over the last few decades, the losses from automation will also hurt some groups and places more than others. In the U.S., robots will take jobs from men, the young, and minorities. The losses will…

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Developing Jobs-focused Lending Operations

We spoke with David Robalino, former Manager of the Jobs Group of the Social Protection and Jobs Global Practice. He discusses his report “Lending for Jobs Operations” that describes a general framework to inform the design of a new generation of World Bank lending operations. These operations have explicit objectives to either create jobs, improve…

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Four Key Trends In Economic Inclusion Programs

Targeted household-level economic inclusion programs are on the rise: nearly 100 programs across 43 countries have reached an estimated 14 million people to date, according to the Partnership for Economic Inclusion’s (PEI) 2018 State of the Sector report. These programs provide a “big push” to help the extreme poor and other vulnerable people move into…

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Impact Sourcing And Young Social Entrepreneurs: Two Approaches To Tackle Youth Unemployment

Social enterprises have plenty of potential to make concrete impacts on youth employment outcomes. For those not familiar with this model, social enterprises are businesses that conduct commercial, profit-generating activities but focus more on social outcomes than profits. This innovative approach in development has caught the attention of many in the youth employment space, especially…

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In Africa, More Not Fewer People Will Work In Agriculture

Many people in Sub-Saharan Africa still work in agriculture; on average, over half of the labor force, and even more in poorer countries and localities. Yet the share of the labor force in agriculture is declining (as is normal in development), leading African leaders and economists to focus on job creation outside agriculture. Planning for…

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How Can We Measure Success Of Jobs Projects?

Let’s face it: assessing the results of a development project can be as complex as designing and implementing it. This is particularly true for projects that aim to create more and better jobs for all population groups and often work across sectors: how do we measure the number of newly created jobs through a private…

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Framing the Future of Work

Digital technologies affect employment through complex channels: automation, connectivity, and innovation. Labor-saving technologies coupled with reshoring may disrupt labor markets in developing countries and result in job losses. Yet, technological change drives productivity gains in both white-collar and blue-collar jobs either through ICT uptake or modern mechanical technologies. The ‘gig economy’ changes the traditional employer-employee…

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Defining Informality vs Mitigating its Negative Effects

There are more informal workers than formal workers across the globe, and yet there remains confusion as to what makes workers or firms informal and how to measure the extent of it. Informal work and informal economic activities imply large efficiency and welfare losses, in terms of low productivity, low earnings, sub-standard working conditions, and…

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Jobs and development conference

2018 Jobs & Development Conference

Almost 100 economists, researchers, and policy-makers from 25 countries joined the second edition of the Jobs & Development Conference in Bogota, Colombia, on May 11th and 12th, 2018. For two days, the Conference presented the latest policy-relevant research to help address jobs challenges around the world, aiming to promote dialogue and to stimulate scientific research…

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Jobs and Migration Core Course 2018

Over 50 policy-makers and practitioners attend the second Jobs and Migration Core Course. Representatives of over 25 countries are participating in the 2018 Jobs and Migration Core Course. The two-week core course is taught by recognized experts from the World Bank and other agencies, international organizations, academics, and policy makers from around the world. It…

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Tackling Childcare. The Business Case For Employer-Supported Childcare

Working parents face several challenges in accessing decent childcare. This publication, Tackling Childcare: The Business Case for Employer- Supported Childcare, was produced by the International Finance Corporation’s (IFC) Gender Secretariat. It was developed under the overall guidance of Caren Grown (Senior Director, Gender, World Bank Group), Mary Porter Peschka (Director of IFC Advisory Solutions), Milagros…

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Jobs for North Lebanon: Value Chains, Labor Markets, Skills and Investment Climate in Tripoli and the North of Lebanon

Addressing the employment gap in North Lebanon requires a comprehensive approach that targets both the private sector and the workers, according to a new World Bank report entitled “Jobs for North Lebanon – Value Chains, Labor Markets, Skills and Investment Climate in Tripoli and the North”. The report highlights the opportunities that exist for targeted…

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Job Creation in the Private Sector : an exploratory assessment of patterns and determinants at the Macro, Sector, and Firm levels 

Why do some countries create more jobs than others? To consider this question, in this paper we focus on one of the most basic relationships, between growth and employment. In practice, the private sector responds very differently to growth (and decline) across countries. Understanding the patterns and drivers of private sector decisions to expand and…

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In Zambia, A Need for Faster and More Productive Job Creation

The population of Lusaka, Zambia’s capital city, has grown tremendously from one million people in 2000 to an estimated 2.3 million in 2016. Much of this growth is attributed to the influx of large numbers of young people, who have fled the rural life of farming and poverty. In search of economic opportunities, Jonas Phiri,…

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How do we measure jobs?

Jobs are key to ending poverty and development practitioners, policymakers, academics, and business leaders agree that measuring jobs is important. While data on the number of jobs being created is important, it only tells a small part of the story.

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Detailing the World Bank’s Jobs Agenda

An ambitious plan to help create more, better and inclusive jobs through a combination of targeted projects and analytical research tools. Addressing issues as complex and diverse as helping create jobs for refugees or increasing the productivity for farmers in poor countries is challenging. But with more than 200 million people worldwide looking for jobs—most…

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